高級(jí)的工具和分析應(yīng)用來幫助各個(gè)層面的計(jì)劃，但一般都是重點(diǎn)突出，而不是廣泛。這里介紹的高級(jí)的工具是：供應(yīng)鏈計(jì)劃（SCP）和高級(jí)計(jì)劃和優(yōu)化排程（APS）。
SCP和APS之間的主要區(qū)別是，SCP更多的是一種管理手段為了整體供應(yīng)鏈的決策，而APS是一旦戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)確定，用于詳細(xì)的系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化。 SCP是聚焦模擬各種管理優(yōu)先效應(yīng)的工具; APS是廣泛用于計(jì)劃和控制的工具。 SCP的管理供應(yīng)渠道的限制，找到最佳的成本，與主要供應(yīng)商提供安全溝通，形成整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的開始和結(jié)束一個(gè)特設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 APS的重點(diǎn)是詳細(xì)工廠級(jí)的約束，通過多工廠和同步與工作負(fù)荷能力。當(dāng)然，這些系統(tǒng)有很大的重疊功能。
SCP和APS使用分析與應(yīng)用用數(shù)學(xué)建模，優(yōu)化和啟發(fā)式技術(shù)和模擬。通常包括兩種，用戶友好的計(jì)劃工具如可視化交互式記分卡（甘特圖）和手工拖拉功能。這些高級(jí)的工具可以幫助戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術(shù)和操作層面的計(jì)劃，但不執(zhí)行交易本身。
在戰(zhàn)略層面上，這些系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)。對(duì)于一個(gè)制造公司，這將包括確定工廠、倉(cāng)庫(kù)和配送中心，其中包括供應(yīng)鏈將是所有方面肯由第三方簽約的設(shè)施。
在戰(zhàn)術(shù)層面，供應(yīng)鏈的主計(jì)劃有利于最大限度地在整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈中的運(yùn)輸和庫(kù)存中使用優(yōu)化的生產(chǎn)和分銷。供應(yīng)鏈的主計(jì)劃，旨在最大限度地提高利潤(rùn)，降低成本，同時(shí)考慮到季節(jié)性，促銷，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，能力和需求。該中期和短期優(yōu)化和模擬的結(jié)果成為供應(yīng)鏈的主計(jì)劃。該計(jì)劃包括生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃優(yōu)化和詳細(xì)的事件序列的交易系統(tǒng)，它保證了物料和能力的可用性和同步地流動(dòng)。從這些計(jì)劃的反饋有助于不斷改善供應(yīng)鏈的計(jì)劃。
在運(yùn)作層面，高級(jí)的工具可以建立需求預(yù)測(cè)，需求計(jì)劃，庫(kù)存計(jì)劃，運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃，并幫助優(yōu)化日生產(chǎn)排程。當(dāng)瓶頸出現(xiàn)或模擬時(shí)這些系統(tǒng)可以解除瓶頸壓力。有一個(gè)與這些系統(tǒng)和工具有很大的重疊，如SCEM。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域還包括協(xié)同規(guī)劃，預(yù)測(cè)和補(bǔ)貨（CPFR）。
APS是管理供應(yīng)鏈最重要的系統(tǒng)，就象ERP系統(tǒng)，也形成了應(yīng)用模塊化工具有利于管理者管理擴(kuò)展的供應(yīng)鏈，有些APS系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)包含了SCP的功能。
SCP 功能：
-SCV（供應(yīng)鏈可視性）直接連結(jié)SCEM（供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)录芾恚?/p>
- 戰(zhàn)略網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)
-需求計(jì)劃
- 供應(yīng)計(jì)劃
-履約排程
-CPFR
-產(chǎn)品生命周期管理工具
APS 功能：
-基于業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則的資源和物料優(yōu)化
-模擬仿真使用內(nèi)存駐留技術(shù)來提供快速計(jì)算和多個(gè)“假設(shè)”場(chǎng)景
-運(yùn)作的同步
-有限排程（能力的限制）
-約束管理
-動(dòng)態(tài)提前期計(jì)算：基于業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則和復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)
-同時(shí)考慮物料和能力的約束，以確保兩者可用。
-懲罰成本管理-使用非優(yōu)化工藝或設(shè)備的成本。
*摘自美國(guó) APICS《 2008 Using Information Technology to Enable Supply Chain Management》 Page 109-117
原文：
Advanced tools and analytical applications help planning at all levels but are generally tightly focused rather than broad. The advanced tools covered here are supply chain planning (SCP) and advance planning and optimization/scheduling (APS).
The key difference between SCP and APS is that the SCP is more of a management tool for making holistic supply chain decisions while APS is used for detailed system optimization once those strategic priorities have been set. SCP is a narrowly focused tool for simulating the effect of various management priorities; APS is broad set of planning and control tools. SCP manages supply channel constraints, finds optimal cost, provides secure communication with key suppliers ,and forms networks across the supply chain that can be started and ended on an ad hoc basis. APS addresses granular constraints at the plant level across multiple plants and synchronizes capacity with work load . However ,these system have overlapping functionality, which is covered first.
SCP and APS use analytical applications such as mathematical and heuristic modeling and optimizing techniques and simulations. Both usually include user-friendly planning tools such as interactive scorecards and drag-and-drop functionality in their interfaces. These advanced tools help plan at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels but do not perform transactions themselves.
At the strategic level, these systems perform logistics network design. For a manufacturing company, this would include determining the location of factories, warehouses, and distribution centers, including which aspects of the supply chain will be owned and which will be contracted from a third party.
At the tactical level, supply chain master planning helps optimize production and distribution by maximizing the use of transportation and inventory across the supply chain. Supply chain master planning seeks to maximize profit and minimize cost while taking seasonality, promotions, the competition, capacity, and demand into consideration. The output of the medium- and short-term optimization and simulations becomes the supply chain master plan. This planincludes optimizations for production planning and feeds a detailed sequence of events to the transactional systems, It ensures the availability of materials and capacity and synchronizes their flow. Feedback from these plans helps continuously improve supply chain planning.
At the operational planning level , advanced tools create demand forecasts, demand plans, inventory plan, and transportation plans and help optimize daily production seheduling .These systems remove pressure from bottlenecks in systems as they occur or in simulations. There is a great deal of overlap with these systems and tools such as SCEM. This area also includes collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR).
SCP functions:
-SCV (supply chain visibility) link directly with SCEM(supply chain event management)
-Strategic network design
-Demand planning
-Supply planning
-Fulfillment scheduling
-CPFR
-Product life cycle management tools
APS functions:
-Resource and materials optimization using business rules
-Simulation using memory-resident technology to provide fast turnaround of results and multiple “what-if” scenarios
-Synchronization of operation
-Finite scheduling (recognizes capacity constraints)
-Constraint management
-Dynamic lead time calculation following business rules and compensating for complex systems
-Simultaneous material and capacity consideration to ensure that both are available as needed.
-Penalty management –the cost for using non-optimum routing or equipment.
APSS高級(jí)計(jì)劃與排程協(xié)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)介:
APSS (Advanced Planning and Scheduling Society)建立于2004年7月,主要致力于在制造和服務(wù)公司普及推廣高級(jí)計(jì)劃與排程知識(shí).對(duì)制造業(yè)的公司來說,精確的計(jì)劃,短的周期,可預(yù)計(jì)的交貨的需求已經(jīng)把計(jì)劃提升到極為重要的地位.
APSS專注通過選擇和推廣APS技術(shù)提高改善制造供應(yīng)鏈的效率和利潤(rùn), APSS目標(biāo)是縮小計(jì)劃排程理論和當(dāng)前制造實(shí)踐的差異，結(jié)合供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)化、精益生產(chǎn)和信息化技術(shù)消除制造企業(yè)的“三高”：高交期、高庫(kù)存、高成本。
主要服務(wù)內(nèi)容：
1.、主持高級(jí)計(jì)劃與排程協(xié)會(huì)APSS 和www.itapss.org APS公共知識(shí)網(wǎng)站
2、高效的計(jì)劃體系與APS培訓(xùn)
3、鑄就中國(guó)企業(yè)精益之道培訓(xùn)
4、多品種小批量的按單柔性生產(chǎn)培訓(xùn)
5、世界級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈培訓(xùn)
6、戰(zhàn)略采購(gòu)培訓(xùn)
7、S&OP需求與銷售運(yùn)作計(jì)劃培訓(xùn)
8、項(xiàng)目制造培訓(xùn)
9、節(jié)拍裝配線管理培訓(xùn)
10、作業(yè)成本ABC實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)
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